The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.